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ANALISIS DEL IMPACTO MEDIOAMBIENTAL DE UN AUTOMOVIL A LO LARGO DE SU CICLO DE VIDA

FEBRUARY 2004   -  Volume: 79 -  Pages: 6-10

DOI:

[No data]

Authors:

ROSARIO VIÑOLES- CEBOLLA - MARIA JOSE BASTANTE- CECA - RAFAEL LOPEZ GARCIA - JOSE LUIS VIVANCOS BONO - SALVADOR CAPUZ RIZO

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Downloads:   1188

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Received Date :   1 January 2004


Key words:
residuos, medioambiental, emisiones atmosféricas, combustible,
Article type:
ARTICULO DE INVESTIGACION / RESEARCH ARTICLE
Section:
VARIOUS

RESUMEN

Durante los últimos años se ha prestado mucha atención al problema de los residuos ocasionados por los automóviles al final de su vida útil, siendo un hito muy relevante la elaboración por la Comisión Europea de la Directiva 2000/53/CE, relativa a los vehículos fuera de uso. Pero hay que ser consciente de que el fin de vida no es el único problema medioambiental de los automóviles ya que aspectos como las emisiones atmosféricas, el consumo de combustible, la gestión de los aceites usados, y la contaminación acústica, durante su etapa de uso, resultan igualmente importantes y requieren actuaciones correctoras. En este trabajo se realiza un análisis de los impactos ambientales que se producen a lo largo de las distintas fases del ciclo de vida de un automóvil (desde el procesado de las materias primas hasta su retiro) y su grado de importancia. También se ha estudiado la legislación existente en la actualidad en relación a los diferentes impactos, en función de la fase del ciclo de vida del automóvil. Tras este análisis, se exponen las posibles medidas a adoptar para minimizar los problemas previamente identificados.

ABSTRACT

During these last years, in the field of ecodesign, the attention has been focused on the problematic of the automobiles end of life, mainly as a result of the publication of Directive 2000/53/CE relative to the end of life of the vehicles. But it is necessary to stand out that the 'end of life' is not the only environmental problem of the automobiles. Aspects like the atmospheric emissions, the management of oils, the acoustic contamination during their use stage, the fuel consumption, etc., also have their importance and it is necessary to do something to solve these aspects. In this comunication an analysis is made of the environmental impacts that could occur throughout the different phases of an automobile life cycle (from the processing of the raw materials to the automobile disposal) and their degree of importance. Also it has been studied the characteristics of current regulations related to the different impacts and phases of the automobile life cycle. After these analysis, possible measures are indicated to solve or to diminish the problems detected in the different phases of the automobile life cycle.

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