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DISPAROS INTEMPESTIVOS DE DIFERENCIALES

DECEMBER 2006   -  Volume: 81 -  Pages: 11-16

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Received Date :   1 December 2006


Key words:
Diferencial, disparo intempestivo, corriente transitoria, fuga.
Article type:
ARTICULO DE INVESTIGACION / RESEARCH ARTICLE
Section:
VARIOUS

RESUMEN
Los diferenciales utilizados habitualmente en España no tienen un funcionamiento adaptado a las cargas electrónicas que existen en cualquier instalación. En determinadas circunstancias, esto puede provocar un problema de seguridad, pero, además, esta falta de adecuación da lugar a un
creciente número de disparos intempestivos. En estos disparos concurren tres circunstancias: el empleo de diferenciales diseñados para instalaciones
en los que se asume que no existe ningún tipo de conexión a tierra, las corrientes transitorias generadas por los filtros a tierra de los receptores
electrónicos y, como catalizador, un evento que desencadena el disparo.
Cuando este evento es tan notable y repetitivo como los cortocircuitos en una construcción, el elevado número de usuarios afectados demuestra el
gran alcance de este problema. Los transitorios son difíciles de controlar, por lo que la solución más adecuada es actualizar los cuadros de distribución, de manera que estén preparados para alimentar cargas electrónicas.

ABSTRACT
The Residual Current Devices (RCD) commonly used in Spain are not appropriate to protect circuits with electronic devices. In some circumstances,
this can lead to a safety problem, but, in addition, this unsuitability creates an increasing number of nuisance RCD tripping.
Three circumstances concur in this nuisance trippings : the use of RCD designed for facilities in which no connections to ground are considered, the transient currents to ground produced by appliance's filters and, as catalyst, an event that give rise to the tripping. When this event is so important and frequent as short-circuits in construction works, the significant number or affected customers reveals the real importance of this problem.
Since a complete transient control is impossible in an electrical network, the most appropriate solution is to update the facilities' protections, so that they become prepared for circuits with electronic loads.
Key words: Residual Current Device, RCD, nuisance tripping, ground fault detector, earth leakage current.

 

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