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TRANSFORMACION DEL SECTOR ELECTRICO EUROPEO

JUNE 2006   -  Volume: 81 -  Pages: 6-16

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Received Date :   1 June 2006


Key words:
Liberalización, Sector Eléctrico, Privatización, Energía.
Article type:
ARTICULO DE INVESTIGACION / RESEARCH ARTICLE
Section:
VARIOUS

Resumen
A finales de los años 80 se inicia un proceso liberalizador que se generaliza en los 90 en todos los sectores económicos con especial énfasis en
aquéllos que, por su posición estratégica, estaban tradicionalmente en manos del sector público. Uno de de estos sectores es el sector eléctrico,
el cual ha experimentado a escala mundial numerosas transformaciones dirigidas a su privatización en búsqueda de una mayor competitividad y eficiencia. En Europa, desde la publicación por parte de la Comisión Europea de la Directiva 96/92/CE sobre normas comunes para el mercado
interior de la electricidad, asistimos a un proceso liberalizador con continuos cambios en el sector eléctrico europeo. Esta Directiva, que nació con el objetivo de mejorar el bienestar de los ciudadanos y la competitividad de la industria europea, debía crear el marco necesario para aumentar la eficiencia económica y técnica, así como la seguridad de suministro.
No obstante, las experiencias recogidas en estos años son un tanto dispares. En algunos países los resultados se muestran relativamente satisfactorios en la medida en que han contribuido a aumentar la competencia, mientras que en la mayoría, los resultados no implican una mayor
competencia ni eficiencia. Incluso en algunos casos se ha puesto en peligro la seguridad en el suministro eléctrico poniendo en entredicho algunos
de estos procesos de liberalización.

Abstract
At the end of the eighteens a liberalization process begins. This process spreads to all economic sectors, especially to those that for its strategic
position were public. One of this sectors was electricity, that on its way towards privatization, suffered many transformations aimed towards increasing competitivity and efficiency. In Europe, since European commission published its Directive 96/92/CE about common standards for electricity
market, a liberalization process began with continuous changes on European electricity sector. This directive, created to improve living conditions of citizens and competitivity of European industry, should become the necessary frame to improve economical and technical efficiency, and the security of electricity supply. However, experience gathered throughout the years has shown different results. In some countries the results are quite satisfactory as competitivity increased while in most of them competitivity and efficiency did not improve. Even, in some countries, the security of electricity supply endangered questioning some of this liberalization processes.
Key words: Liberalization, Electrical Sector, Privatization, Energy.

 

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